Ephedra is a plant that has been used in China for thousands of years to treat conditions such as chest congestion, skin rashes, burns, allergies, asthma, and other breathing issues. Ephedrine is the main ingredient found in the ephedra sinica plant. It's an alkaloid and is a nitrogen-based compound.
Ephedrine is the ingredient responsible for weight loss and fat-burning. If you are looking for ephedrine products, it's important that you read the labels and make sure you don't buy one that says "ephedrine extract". It's not the real thing. Ephedrine has been proven to be effective with weight loss because it increases your body's core temperature (more info).
Be careful with how much you take as well. Many people took very high doses with caffeine pills or while taking certain meds and this is where you can experience some negative or intense side-effects. It's best to stick with the recommended daily dose in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle.