Our voluntary muscles are never fully relaxed. There is always a slight tension or 'tone', and this tension makes it possible for muscles to go quickly into action. Both rapidity of movement and smoothness of movement depend upon this muscle tone. Proof of the tone is seen when a tendon, which fastens a muscle to a bone, is cut. The muscle retracts.
However, muscle tone is not achieved by the entire muscle being always somewhat tense. In muscle fibers the rule of "all or nothing" applies. That is, the individual fibers do not respond at all until a certain degree of nerve stimulus is applied, and then they contract all the way. Then how is muscle tone maintained? By the contraction of small groups of fibers in relays, so that the majority of fibers are resting while comparatively few are active, supplying the needed muscle tone, being on the alert as it were.
This relay activity of the muscle fibers accounts for the fact that we can maintain good posture for a long time without becoming very tired. A certain amount of this muscular activity or tone is required when we sit erect. Standing requires still more. And when it comes to walking, the coordination of many more muscles is involved.
However, muscle tone is not achieved by the entire muscle being always somewhat tense. In muscle fibers the rule of "all or nothing" applies. That is, the individual fibers do not respond at all until a certain degree of nerve stimulus is applied, and then they contract all the way. Then how is muscle tone maintained? By the contraction of small groups of fibers in relays, so that the majority of fibers are resting while comparatively few are active, supplying the needed muscle tone, being on the alert as it were.
This relay activity of the muscle fibers accounts for the fact that we can maintain good posture for a long time without becoming very tired. A certain amount of this muscular activity or tone is required when we sit erect. Standing requires still more. And when it comes to walking, the coordination of many more muscles is involved.